Dr. Radu SĂGEATĂ
Official Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān
Location: South Asia, 23-37° N, 61-75° E<
Neighborhoods: SW: Iran – 909 km;
N, NW: Afghanistan – 2,430 km;
NE: China – 523 km;
E: India – 2,912 km, S: Indian Oc. (Arabian Sea) – 1,046 km
Area: 881,913 sqkm (the 33rd largest country)
Population (2017 census):
212,742,631 inh (the 5th most populous country)
Density: 244.4 inh/sqkm
Religions: Islam: 96.0% (Sunni Islam: 75%; Shia Islam: 20%); Hinduism: 1.85%; Christianity: 1.5%; Others: 0.6%
Languages: Punjabi: 48%, Sindhi: 12%, Saraiki: 10%, Pashto: 8%, Urdu: 8% (official language from 1952), Balochi: 3%, Other: 11%
Government: Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
Legislature: Parliament (Upper house – Senate,
Lower house – National Assembly)
The head of state: Arif Alvi (President), Imran Khan (Prime Minister)
National holidays: March, 23 (National Day), August, 14 (Independence Day)
Capital: Islāmābād (founded: 1960): 1,014,825 inh. (2017 Census)
The largest cities (2017 Census)
Rank |
Name |
Province |
Population |
1 |
Karachi |
Sindh |
14,916,456 |
2 |
Lahore |
Punjab |
11,126,285 |
3 |
Faisalabad |
Punjab |
3,204,726 |
4 |
Rawalpindi |
Punjab |
2,098,231 |
5 |
Gujranwala |
Punjab |
2,027,001 |
6 |
Peshawar |
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
1,970,042 |
7 |
Multan |
Punjab |
1,871,843 |
8 |
Islāmābād |
Capital Territory |
1,014,825 |
9 |
Hyderabad |
Sindh |
1,009,832 |
10 |
Quetta |
Balochistan |
1,001,205 |
11 |
Bahawalpur |
Punjab |
762,111 |
12 |
Sargodha |
Punjab |
659,862 |
13 |
Sialkot |
Punjab |
655,852 |
14 |
Sukkur |
Sindh |
499,900 |
15 |
Larkana |
Sindh |
490,508 |
16 |
Sheikhupura |
Punjab |
473,129 |
17 |
Rahim Yar Khan |
Punjab |
420,419 |
18 |
Jhang |
Punjab |
414,131 |
19 |
Dera Ghazi Khan |
Punjab |
399,064 |
20 |
Gujrat |
Punjab |
390,533 |
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Currency: Pakistani rupee (PKR) = 100 paisa
World Heritage Sites:
-
Archaeological Site of Mohenjo-daro (26th cc. BC – 19th cc. BC) – 1980
-
Archaeological Site of Taxila (5th cc. BC – 2nd cc. AD) – 1980
-
Shalimar Fort and Gardens in Lahore (1556) – 1981
-
Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahiand Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (1st cc) – 1980
-
Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta (14th cc. – 18th cc.) – 1981
-
Rohtas Fort (1541) – 1997
NATURAL BACKGROUND
Varied, mountainous in the North (the Himalayan System with the Hindu Kush and the Karakorum Rangers), over 7,500 m alt. and permanently snow-covered; a tableland in the West (Baluchistan, part of the Iranian Plateau, intensely fragmented, max. alt. 3,441 m); fertile plain in the East (Indus Plain), and desert area (Great Indian Desert). Alt. max.: 7,690 m (Tirich Mir Peak in the Hindu Kush Mt.).
Climate: tropical, arid in the South-East, with high seasonal and altitudinal variations.
Waters: mostly tributary to the Indus Basin. The main water courses: Indus total length: 3,180 m, navigable; tributaries the Sohan, Chenab (with Jhelum and Ravi), Sutlej, Gumal (with Zhob), Hub, Nal, Dasht.
Forested area (% of the overall surface): 2.5
Protected areas: 157 protected areas recognized by International Union for Conser-vation of Nature (IUCN): 26 national parks (1,191,323 ha), 72 wildlife sanctuaries (4,912,531 ha), 66 game reserves (3,026,842 ha), 19 Ramsar protected wetlands (1,343,627 ha), 9 marine and littoral protected areas (1,186,437 ha) and 2 biosphere reserves (66,000 ha).
Threatened species (2018): 140
Forested area (% of total area, 2018): 1.9
CO2 emission estimates (2018): 166.3 mill. tons, 0.9 t/inh
TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION
Name |
Area |
Population |
Density |
Capital |
HDI |
|
Provinces |
Punjab |
205,344 |
100,012,442 |
487 |
Lahore |
0.573 |
Sindh |
140,914 |
47,886,051 |
340 |
Karāchi |
0.556 |
|
Balochistan |
347,190 |
12,344,408 |
36 |
Quetta |
0.474 |
|
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – FATA (until 2018) – NWFP (1955-2010) |
101,741 27,220 74,521 |
35,525,047 5,001,676 30,523,371 |
350 |
Peshawar |
0.559 |
|
Territories |
Gilgit-Baltistan |
77,277 |
1,800,000* |
23 |
Gilgit |
0.565 |
Azad Kashmir |
13,297 |
4,450,000 |
335 |
Muzaffarabad |
||
Islāmābād Capital Territory |
1,165.5 |
2,851,868 |
2,447 |
Islāmābād |
* inh., 2015
FATA – Federally Administered Tribal Areas (until 2018)
NWFP – North-West Frontier Province (before 1955 to 2010)
ECONOMIC, SOCIAL & INFRASTRUCTURE INDICATORS1
GDP(PPP) (USD, 2019): 1.195 trillion (24th)
GDP(PPP)/inh (USD, 2019): 5,839 (133rd)
GDP (USD, 2019): 278.019 billion (40th)
GDP/inh (USD, 2019): 1,357 (148th)
Structure of GDP (% of Gross Value Added, 2018):
agriculture: 25.2, industry: 19.2, services: 55.6
Structure of employed (% of employed, 2018):
agriculture: 41.3, industry: 23.9, services: 34.8
Unemployment rate (% of labour force, 2018): 4.2
Labour force participation (% female/male, 2018): 25.1/82.6
International trade (million USD, 2018):
exports: 21,878, imports: 57,440, balance – 35,562
HDI (2017): 0,562 (medium, 150 th)
Gini (2015): 33.5 (medium)
Population growth rate (average annual): 2.1%
Urban population (% of total population, 2018): 36.7
Fertility rate (live births/woman, 2018): 3.7
Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, 2018): 34.7/6.8
Health, current expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 2.7
Education, government expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 2.8
School enrollment, primary (% of total population, 2017): 95.9
Individuals using the Internet (/100 inh., 2018): 15.5
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 0.2
1 Sources:
http://data.un.org/en/iso/pk.html, https://data.worldbank.org/country/pakistan?view=chart, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan
Coments