Dr. Radu SĂGEATĂ^

Official Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān

Location: South Asia, 23-37° N, 61-75° E<

Neighborhoods: SW: Iran – 909 km;
N, NW: Afghanistan – 2,430 km;
NE: China – 523 km;
E: India – 2,912 km, S: Indian Oc. (Arabian Sea) – 1,046 km

Area: 881,913 sqkm (the 33^rd largest country)

Population (2017 census):
212,742,631 inh (the 5^th most populous country)

Density: 244.4 inh/sqkm

Religions: Islam: 96.0% (Sunni Islam: 75%; Shia Islam: 20%); Hinduism: 1.85%; Christianity: 1.5%; Others: 0.6%

Languages: Punjabi: 48%, Sindhi: 12%, Saraiki: 10%, Pashto: 8%, Urdu: 8% (official language from 1952), Balochi: 3%, Other: 11%

Government: Federal parliamentary constitutional republic

Legislature: Parliament (Upper house – Senate,
Lower house – National Assembly)

The head of state: Arif Alvi (President), Imran Khan (Prime Minister)

National holidays: March, 23 (National Day), August, 14 (Independence Day)

Capital: Islāmābād (founded: 1960): 1,014,825 inh. (2017 Census)

The largest cities (2017 Census)

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

Currency: Pakistani rupee (PKR) = 100 paisa

World Heritage Sites:

• Archaeological Site of Mohenjo-daro (26^th cc. BC – 19^th cc. BC) – 1980

• Archaeological Site of Taxila (5^th cc. BC – 2^nd cc. AD) – 1980

• Shalimar Fort and Gardens in Lahore (1556) – 1981

• Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahiand Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (1^st cc) – 1980

• Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta (14^th cc. – 18^th cc.) – 1981

• Rohtas Fort (1541) – 1997

NATURAL BACKGROUND

Varied, mountainous in the North (the Himalayan System with the Hindu Kush and the Karakorum Rangers), over 7,500 m alt. and permanently snow-covered; a tableland in the West (Baluchistan, part of the Iranian Plateau, intensely fragmented, max. alt. 3,441 m); fertile plain in the East (Indus Plain), and desert area (Great Indian Desert). Alt. max.: 7,690 m (Tirich Mir Peak in the Hindu Kush Mt.).

Climate: tropical, arid in the South-East, with high seasonal and altitudinal variations.

Waters: mostly tributary to the Indus Basin. The main water courses: Indus total length: 3,180 m, navigable; tributaries the Sohan, Chenab (with Jhelum and Ravi), Sutlej, Gumal (with Zhob), Hub, Nal, Dasht.

Forested area (% of the overall surface): 2.5

Protected areas: 157 protected areas recognized by International Union for Conser-vation of Nature (IUCN): 26 national parks (1,191,323 ha), 72 wildlife sanctuaries (4,912,531 ha), 66 game reserves (3,026,842 ha), 19 Ramsar protected wetlands (1,343,627 ha), 9 marine and littoral protected areas (1,186,437 ha) and 2 biosphere reserves (66,000 ha).

Threatened species (2018): 140

Forested area (% of total area, 2018): 1.9

CO2 emission estimates (2018): 166.3 mill. tons, 0.9 t/inh

TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION

* inh., 2015

FATA – Federally Administered Tribal Areas (until 2018)
NWFP – North-West Frontier Province (before 1955 to 2010)

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL & INFRASTRUCTURE INDICATORS¹

GDP(PPP) (USD, 2019): 1.195 trillion (24th)

GDP(PPP)/inh (USD, 2019): 5,839 (133rd)

GDP (USD, 2019): 278.019 billion (40th)

GDP/inh (USD, 2019): 1,357 (148th)

Structure of GDP (% of Gross Value Added, 2018):
agriculture: 25.2, industry: 19.2, services: 55.6

Structure of employed (% of employed, 2018):
agriculture: 41.3, industry: 23.9, services: 34.8

Unemployment rate (% of labour force, 2018): 4.2

Labour force participation (% female/male, 2018): 25.1/82.6

International trade (million USD, 2018):
exports: 21,878, imports: 57,440, balance – 35,562

HDI (2017): 0,562 (medium, 150 th)

Gini (2015): 33.5 (medium)

Population growth rate (average annual): 2.1%

Urban population (% of total population, 2018): 36.7

Fertility rate (live births/woman, 2018): 3.7

Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, 2018): 34.7/6.8

Health, current expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 2.7

Education, government expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 2.8

School enrollment, primary (% of total population, 2017): 95.9

Individuals using the Internet (/100 inh., 2018): 15.5

Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 0.2