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You are here: Home / TOPICS / POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY / PAKISTAN – NATURAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LANDMARKS –

PAKISTAN – NATURAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LANDMARKS –

by https://www.geopolitic.ro/author/

Dr. Radu SĂGEATĂ

Official Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān

Location: South Asia, 23-37° N, 61-75° E<

Neighborhoods: SW: Iran – 909 km;
N, NW: Afghanistan – 2,430 km;
NE: China
– 523 km;
E: India – 2,912 km, S: Indian Oc. (Arabian Sea) – 1,046 km

Area: 881,913 sqkm (the 33rd largest country)

Population (2017 census):
212,742,631 inh (the 5
th most populous country)

Density: 244.4 inh/sqkm

Religions: Islam: 96.0% (Sunni Islam: 75%; Shia Islam: 20%); Hinduism: 1.85%; Christianity: 1.5%; Others: 0.6%

Languages: Punjabi: 48%, Sindhi: 12%, Saraiki: 10%, Pashto: 8%, Urdu: 8% (official language from 1952), Balochi: 3%, Other: 11%

Government: Federal parliamentary constitutional republic

Legislature: Parliament (Upper house – Senate,
Lower house – National Assembly)

The head of state: Arif Alvi (President), Imran Khan (Prime Minister)

National holidays: March, 23 (National Day), August, 14 (Independence Day)

Capital: Islāmābād (founded: 1960): 1,014,825 inh. (2017 Census)

The largest cities (2017 Census)

 

Rank

Name

Province

Population
inh

1

Karachi

Sindh

14,916,456

2

Lahore

Punjab

11,126,285

3

Faisalabad

Punjab

3,204,726

4

Rawalpindi

Punjab

2,098,231

5

Gujranwala

Punjab

2,027,001

6

Peshawar

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

1,970,042

7

Multan

Punjab

1,871,843

8

Islāmābād

Capital Territory

1,014,825

9

Hyderabad

Sindh

1,009,832

10

Quetta

Balochistan

1,001,205

11

Bahawalpur

Punjab

762,111

12

Sargodha

Punjab

659,862

13

Sialkot

Punjab

655,852

14

Sukkur

Sindh

499,900

15

Larkana

Sindh

490,508

16

Sheikhupura

Punjab

473,129

17

Rahim Yar Khan

Punjab

420,419

18

Jhang

Punjab

414,131

19

Dera Ghazi Khan

Punjab

399,064

20

Gujrat

Punjab

390,533

 

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

Currency: Pakistani rupee (PKR) = 100 paisa

World Heritage Sites:

  • Archaeological Site of Mohenjo-daro (26th cc. BC – 19th cc. BC) – 1980

  • Archaeological Site of Taxila (5th cc. BC – 2nd cc. AD) – 1980

  • Shalimar Fort and Gardens in Lahore (1556) – 1981

  • Buddhist Ruins of Takht-i-Bahiand Neighbouring City Remains at Sahr-i-Bahlol (1st cc) – 1980

  • Historical Monuments at Makli, Thatta (14th cc. – 18th cc.) – 1981

  • Rohtas Fort (1541) – 1997

NATURAL BACKGROUND

Varied, mountainous in the North (the Himalayan System with the Hindu Kush and the Karakorum Rangers), over 7,500 m alt. and permanently snow-covered; a tableland in the West (Baluchistan, part of the Iranian Plateau, intensely fragmented, max. alt. 3,441 m); fertile plain in the East (Indus Plain), and desert area (Great Indian Desert). Alt. max.: 7,690 m (Tirich Mir Peak in the Hindu Kush Mt.).

Climate: tropical, arid in the South-East, with high seasonal and altitudinal variations.

Waters: mostly tributary to the Indus Basin. The main water courses: Indus total length: 3,180 m, navigable; tributaries the Sohan, Chenab (with Jhelum and Ravi), Sutlej, Gumal (with Zhob), Hub, Nal, Dasht.

Forested area (% of the overall surface): 2.5

Protected areas: 157 protected areas recognized by International Union for Conser-vation of Nature (IUCN): 26 national parks (1,191,323 ha), 72 wildlife sanctuaries (4,912,531 ha), 66 game reserves (3,026,842 ha), 19 Ramsar protected wetlands (1,343,627 ha), 9 marine and littoral protected areas (1,186,437 ha) and 2 biosphere reserves (66,000 ha).

Threatened species (2018): 140

Forested area (% of total area, 2018): 1.9

CO2 emission estimates (2018): 166.3 mill. tons, 0.9 t/inh

TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION

 

Name

Area
(sqkm)

Population
(inh., 2017)

Density
inh/sqkm

Capital

HDI
(2017)

Provinces

Punjab

205,344

100,012,442

487

Lahore

0.573

Sindh

140,914

47,886,051

340

Karāchi

0.556

Balochistan

347,190

12,344,408

36

Quetta

0.474

Khyber

Pakhtunkhwa

– FATA (until 2018)

– NWFP (1955-2010)

101,741

27,220

74,521

35,525,047

5,001,676

30,523,371

350

Peshawar

0.559

Territories

Gilgit-Baltistan

77,277

1,800,000*

23

Gilgit

0.565

Azad Kashmir

13,297

4,450,000

335

Muzaffarabad

Islāmābād

Capital Territory

1,165.5

2,851,868

2,447

Islāmābād

 

* inh., 2015

FATA – Federally Administered Tribal Areas (until 2018)
NWFP – North-West Frontier Province (before 1955 to 2010)

ECONOMIC, SOCIAL & INFRASTRUCTURE INDICATORS1

GDP(PPP) (USD, 2019): 1.195 trillion (24th)

GDP(PPP)/inh (USD, 2019): 5,839 (133rd)

GDP (USD, 2019): 278.019 billion (40th)

GDP/inh (USD, 2019): 1,357 (148th)

Structure of GDP (% of Gross Value Added, 2018):
agriculture: 25.2, industry: 19.2, services: 55.6

Structure of employed (% of employed, 2018):
agriculture: 41.3, industry: 23.9, services: 34.8

Unemployment rate (% of labour force, 2018): 4.2

Labour force participation (% female/male, 2018): 25.1/82.6

International trade (million USD, 2018):
exports: 21,878, imports: 57,440, balance – 35,562

HDI (2017): 0,562 (medium, 150 th)

Gini (2015): 33.5 (medium)

Population growth rate (average annual): 2.1%

Urban population (% of total population, 2018): 36.7

Fertility rate (live births/woman, 2018): 3.7

Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, 2018): 34.7/6.8

Health, current expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 2.7

Education, government expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 2.8

School enrollment, primary (% of total population, 2017): 95.9

Individuals using the Internet (/100 inh., 2018): 15.5

Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP, 2018): 0.2

1 Sources:
http://data.un.org/en/iso/pk.html, https://data.worldbank.org/country/pakistan?view=chart, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan

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