The article is devoted to the study of the Great Silk Road written by the authors from al-Biruni Institute of Oriental Studies, the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and the University of World Economy and Diplomacy, Tashkent. Here this paper enlightened historical and contemporary significance of the Great Silk Road that were existed during all the Medieval Ages and till nowadays changing form of transportation. The authors by examining historical background argues and gives their own proposals for re-discovering of the Great Silk Road, referring to the Idea of the Modern Great Silk Road, in the example of the EU and Central Asian states. Especially, it is noted that today also in the era of globalization, cultural dialogue between the Eastern and Western countries should be developed counting on first of all people-to-people contacts.