The article analyzes the role of Ukrainian critical mineral resources in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian War and global geoeconomic competition. Through a qualitative analysis based on institutional sources, policy literature and available industrial data, the contribution evaluates the geographical distribution of the main resources, the impact of Russian employment on Ukrainian productive capacity, in particular in the steel sector, and the strategic significance of the ongoing understandings and negotiations between Ukraine and the United States on reconstruction and access to resources. The article argues that, at present, the value of resource agreements is predominantly geopolitical and legal, more than immediately operational. The war in Ukraine highlighted the growing centrality of critical raw materials in global strategic competition. Lithium, titanium, graphite and other minerals essential for the energy transition and the defense industry have become relevant factors not only economically, but also in the military and diplomatic. In this context, Ukraine occupies a prominent position in Europe for mining potential, while Russian occupation of large portions of the territory gives the conflict a structural geoeconomic dimension.