After waiting for a week following Israel’s June 13 attack on Iran, US President Donald Trump decided to involve the United States directly in the Israeli-Iranian war. On June 21, American strategic bombers and naval ships attacked three Iranian nuclear sites—at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan—ending the United States’ pretense of diplomatic contact and negotiations with the Islamic Republic regarding its nuclear program. In addition to throwing the entire Arabian Gulf and Middle East regions into a chaotic and destructive spin that could spiral out of control, Trump’s intervention has caused rifts in his Republican Party and voter base, and drawn criticism, mainly among Democrats, for his failure to secure congressional authorization.